Dilatation of foetal urinary collecting system is common. But cause of obstruction, if any, arise from soft tissues or developmental abnormalities of urinary tract or other paradox. A prenatal diagnosis of a ‘calculus’ inside ureter producing obstruction and ultimate back pressure changes in collecting system of a foetus is not reported so far. Other than inborn error of metabolism, what aetiological factors lead to this, are a matter of concern and great research. Here kidneys are not dysplastic. Amniotic fluid volume remains normal. Antenatal administration of calcium either orally or parenterally could be a contributory factor as it promotes nephrocalcinosis; and uretric calculus has it’s origin in kidneys as believed. There is no maternal symptom related to this entity. Here we report a unique case of foetal ureterolithiasis producing hydroureter and hydronephrosis.

Landmark conferences often issue commemorative postage stamps and/or pictorial first day covers, highlighting the core theme of the event. This paper details the content of stamps and first day covers released during five obstetrics and gynaecology- related world and Asia Oceanic conferences.

Introduction Congenital transformation zone (CTZ) of the uterine cervix is a non-neoplastic, rare condition resembling high-grade lesions on colposcopic examination which leads to diagnostic dilemmas.

Case Description A multiparous woman was screened for cervical cancer. Visual inspection using acetic acid was positive for which further evaluation with colposcopy was done. An aceto-white lesion resembling high-grade precancerous condition was seen. Punch biopsy was taken from multiple areas and the histopathology report demonstrated chronic cervicitis with increased maturation of the superficial layers of squamous epithelium. The lesion persisted on the follow-up colposcopy even after a course of antibiotics.

Discussion CTZ could be difficult to differentiate from cervical premalignant lesions. The main aim of this article is to help other colposcopists to understand this physiological variant.

Conclusion The CTZ is a physiological entity and differential diagnosis for cervical premalignant lesions on colposcopy.

Background Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current global pandemic and understandably, Obstetrics is not spared. Private maternity hospitals have a unique challenge of reassuring unaffected patients of uneventful delivery with the lowest possible rate of coronavirus infection while consequently offering compassionate and state of art services to women who turn out to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. This has led to a routine SARS-CoV-2 testing of all patients before admission in many of the private hospitals in India. The current study was undertaken to determine the incidence of SARS-COV-2 among asymptomatic pregnant women and to ascertain the utility of universal screening in these women.

Methodology A retrospective observational multi-center study was conducted over a period of approximately 5 months (1-May-2020 to 10-September-2020) in a chain of privately run maternity hospitals with presence in multiple cities across India. All asymptomatic pregnant women were tested for SARS-CoV-2 prior to elective/emergency hospital admission.

Results Among 4158 women tested, 54 (1.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and intra partum and postnatal period was uneventful for all of them.

Conclusion Universal screening should be continued as preferred approach to ensure low anxiety levels of delivering women and safety of frontline workers. Further, universal screening helps avoid emergence of maternity centers as virus clusters by effective isolation of identified positive cases and minimizing points of contact.

B-lynch compression sutures, applied as a life-saving procedure in cases of atonic postpartum haemorrhage can sometimes lead to life-threatening complications. We report a case of early uterine necrosis following B-lynch compression suture application for PPH at the time of LSCS, resulting in peripartum hysterectomy.

Dietary behaviors established in adolescence usually lead to long-term health consequences. Consuming foods high in fat and sugar on one side and adopting sedentary lifestyle on the other side are responsible for overweight and obesity in adolescent girls which increases the risk of diabetes and hypertension in adult life. Meal convenience is important to many adolescents. In the bargain, they may eat too much of wrong types of food. Teenagers should be taught about the five healthy groups i.e., Grains, proteins, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. Food items with different colors, textures and tastes, both fresh and cooked should be included at every meal and for snacks. The healthiest and the cheapest drink is nothing else but clean water. Adolescent girls need iron-rich food to compensate for monthly period blood loss. Adolescence is not a good time for crash diets as girls will not get enough nutrients to reach their full potential.

It is common in obstetric practice to encounter couples who seek prenatal genetic counseling and testing in view of history of known or suspected genetic disorders in the previous offspring or in other family members. Recent advances in genetic testing techniques, especially the availability of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, have greatly facilitated genetic evaluation of the proband and/or the consultand couple and enabled provision of accurate genetic counseling and prenatal genetic testing in such clinical scenarios. However, even in this era of NGS, comprehensive clinical history taking and detailed phenotype characterization through clinical examination and thorough perusal of available medical records, are very important and essential for accurate diagnosis, as reiterated by this report of a 30-year-old third gravida, who was referred for prenatal genetic counseling and testing, in view of history of death of the first offspring due to a suspected neurogenetic disorder. Retrospective clinical diagnosis for the deceased index child with the help of available medical records and reports, followed by relevant NGS-based clinical exome sequencing of the couple, helped to arrive at a definitive diagnosis of fucosidosis, based on which accurate prenatal genetic testing could be done.

Objective

To study the incidence and risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy and assess the functional outcome.

Material and Methods

Five-year data of infants with OBPP were reviewed. Case–control study was performed using matched controls to identify the risk factors. Infants with OBPP were followed up to assess functional outcome.

Results

Of the 14,184 live births over a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017, 23 (11 males, 12 females) had OBPP. Incidence of OBPP was 1.6 per 1000 live births. Higher birth weight (p-value 0.002) and instrumental delivery (p-value 0.02) were independent risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No cases of obstetric brachial plexus palsy were seen in babies born by cesarean section. 95% of the infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy had complete recovery by 4 months of age.

Conclusion

Higher birth weight and instrumental vaginal delivery are independent risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Cesarean section may have a protective effect against OBPP. Most infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy have complete recovery.

Medical devices and materials commonly used in management of common gynecological conditions or during surgical procedures may present with acute or chronic complications due to incorrect application, improper use and lack of follow up. We present two interesting cases highlighting this problem. A strong index of suspicion is very crucial in early diagnosis and successful management.

India is presently in the midst of a major health crisis with the second wave of corona virus spreading at an alarming rate and claiming more lives than ever before. Although the pandemic is affecting the lives of all sections of society, adolescent girls being a vulnerable group are affected in dual manner, not just by the direct effects of the virus but also by many still underrated indirect effects. The present article aims to highlight the indirect yet sinister effects of COVID-19 on physical, mental, social, sexual and reproductive and psychological health and well-being of adolescent girls and other issues like their personal safety, peer support and long-term health issues.

Background Arteriovenous malformation of umbilical cord is an extremely rare congenital malformation. Causes of this condition are unknown. AVM of umbilical cord can cause significant complications in the developing fetus.

Methods We report our management of the case with accurate ultrasound study that could improve and facilitate the approach to this pathology due to the lack of literature and with an overview of the available literature.

Results There are only two cases of umbilical AVM diagnosed in the prenatal period with associated pathology. The mainstay of prenatal detection is the accurate study of umbilical cord also even if it is not requested from the actual guide lines in a way to improve the perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) prevalence in the Indian settings is around 20%. Despite recommendations and strong advocacy, there are large gaps in knowledge and identification of PPD. In the background of reduced adherence to universal screening for PPD, it was attempted to ascertain if some specific groups of women could benefit from selective screening.

Methodology: A comparative, questionnaire-based study among postpartum patients was conducted. Patients were divided into control group (80 women who had good neonatal outcomes) and study group (80 women who had adverse neonatal outcomes). “Adverse neonatal outcomes” was defined as women who experienced stillbirth or a neonatal mortality or neonate needing NICU care. Demographic characteristics and delivery details were noted. The Edinburgh postpartum Depression scale (local translation where applicable) was administered by a single investigator to women when they came for their post-delivery follow up or in the postnatal ward (2-3 weeks after delivery). Patient characteristics and the EPDS scores were noted and compared between the two groups using appropriate statistical tests

Results The groups were similar in their baseline characteristics (age, religion, marriage duration, gravidity and education). EPDS score in those with good neonatal outcomes was lesser than that of those with adverse neonatal outcome (10.07 +/- 4.47 vs11.04+/-4.18 – p value 0.045). Proportion of women who tested positive (higher chance of PPD) was higher (p value 0.0488) in the group with adverse neonatal outcomes (45% vs 28.75%).

Implications: The results of this study should not be misconstrued as “those with good neonatal outcomes do not require screening for PPD”. Rather, PPD screening which is not being done at all, should be done in atleast one selected group (adverse perinatal outcomes group) on priority.

Conclusion: The study implies that this group of patients (with adverse neonatal outcomes) should be considered for prioritization in screening for PPD.

For any nation the health of its citizens especially that of the reproductive age women is critical and of paramount importance as they are the ones who usher in the new generation. Now that India is undergoing triple burden of malnutrition, if the pregnant woman is underweight, overweight, obese or diabetic both the mother and the baby are at a high risk of developing complications not only during pregnancy but also postpartum. Hence, having a good nutritional status is so important even before the woman conceives.